{"id":544,"date":"2019-09-15T17:49:24","date_gmt":"2019-09-15T16:49:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hubert-info.com\/cms\/?p=544"},"modified":"2019-09-15T17:49:24","modified_gmt":"2019-09-15T16:49:24","slug":"memo-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hubert-info.com\/cms\/memo-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Memo Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"

la commande ultime : man<\/p>\n

Naviguer dans les r\u00e9pertoires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
commande<\/th>\naction<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
pwd<\/td>\naffiche le r\u00e9pertoire courant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cd rep<\/td>\nse place dans le r\u00e9pertoire rep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cd<\/td>\nse place dans le r\u00e9pertoire de l’utilisateur ~\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cd ..<\/td>\nse place dans le r\u00e9pertoire parent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ls rep<\/td>\nliste les fichiers du r\u00e9pertoire rep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ls -a<\/td>\nliste avec les fichiers cach\u00e9s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ls -l<\/td>\nliste avec les droits d’acc\u00e8s et la taille<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Actions sur les fichiers\/dossiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
commande<\/th>\naction<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
mv source cible<\/td>\ndeplace le fichier source vers cible<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cp source cible<\/td>\ncopie le fichier source vers cible<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cp -R source cible<\/td>\ncopie le r\u00e9pertoire source vers cible<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ln source lien<\/td>\ncr\u00e9er un lien fort de source vers lien<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ln -s source lien<\/td>\ncr\u00e9er un lien symbolique de source vers lien<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
touch file<\/td>\ncr\u00e9er le fichier file ou met \u00e0 jour sa date de modification<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mkdir rep<\/td>\ncr\u00e9er un repertoire rep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
mkdir -p rep\/rep2<\/td>\nmkdir avec cr\u00e9ation des dossiers parents si n\u00e9cessaire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
rm file<\/td>\nsupprime le fichier file<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
rm -f file<\/td>\nsupprime le fichier file prot\u00e9g\u00e9 en \u00e9criture<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
rmdir rep<\/td>\nsupprimer un r\u00e9pertoire vide<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
rm -R rep<\/td>\nsupprime un r\u00e9pertoire<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
du -h file ou rep<\/td>\naffiche la taille du fichier file ou du r\u00e9pertoire rep<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Afficher\/Comparer les fichiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
commande<\/th>\naction<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
wc fichier<\/td>\ncompte le nombre de lignes, de mots, d’octets de fichier<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cat fichiers<\/td>\nconcat\u00e8ne les fichiers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
more fichier<\/td>\naffiche fichier page apr\u00e8s page. ‘Espace’=page suivante, ‘Entr\u00e9e’=ligne suivante, ‘u’=remonter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
less fichier<\/td>\naffiche fichier avec une navigation Left\/Right\/Up\/Down\/PageUp\/PageDown<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
head -n x fichier<\/td>\naffiche les x premi\u00e8res lignes de fichier<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tail -n x fichier<\/td>\naffiche les x derni\u00e8res lignes de fichier<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tail -f fichier<\/td>\naffiche la derni\u00e8re ligne de fichier au fur et \u00e0 mesure qu’il se remplit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
diff file1 file2<\/td>\naffiche les diff\u00e9rences entre deux fichiers texte<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
diff -u file1 file2<\/td>\naffiche les diff\u00e9rences au format utilis\u00e9 par patch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
comp file1 file2<\/td>\ncompare deux fichiers binaires<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
comp file1 file2 n N<\/td>\ncompare deux fichiers, file1 \u00e0 partir du ni\u00e8me octet, et file2 \u00e0 partir du Ni\u00e8me<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Utilisateurs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
commande<\/th>\naction<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
whoami<\/td>\naffiche le login de l’utilisateur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
who<\/td>\naffiche les utilisateurs connect\u00e9s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
id<\/td>\nafficher les uid, gid et groupes de l’utilisateur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
id user<\/td>\nafficher les uid, gid et groupes de user (root only)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
finger user<\/td>\naffiche les informations de user<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
write user<\/td>\nafficher un message sur le terminal de user<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tty<\/td>\nafficher le nom de son terminal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
su – sudo<\/td>\npasser en mode administrateur, super-utilisateur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
passwd<\/td>\nchanger le mot de passe de l’utilisateur courant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
adduser<\/td>\najouter un utilisateur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
deluser<\/td>\nsupprime un utilisateur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
addgroup<\/td>\najoute un groupe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
delgroup<\/td>\nsupprime un groupe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Processus<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
commande<\/th>\naction<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
ps<\/td>\nafficher les processus de l’utilisateur rattach\u00e9s \u00e0 un terminal<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ps ax<\/td>\nafficher tous les processus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ps aux<\/td>\nafficher tous les processus en indiquant les utilisateurs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pstree<\/td>\nafficher les processus dans une arborescence<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
top<\/td>\nafficher un tableau de bord des processus les plus gourmands<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
kill signal pid<\/td>\ntuer un processus en utilisant son pid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pkill signal nom<\/td>\ntuer un processus en utilisant le nom du programme<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

signaux utilis\u00e9s par kill\/pkill<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
signal<\/th>\naction<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
-1 (HUP)<\/td>\nrecharger le fichier de configuration du processus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-2 (INT)<\/td>\ninterrompre le processus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-3 (QUIT)<\/td>\nquitter le processus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-9 (KILL)<\/td>\ntuer le processus (\u00e0 eviter, tenter -15 avant)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-15 (TERM)<\/td>\nterminer le processus proprement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-18 (STOP)<\/td>\ngeler le processus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
-20 (CONT)<\/td>\nreprendre l’ex\u00e9cution d’un processus gel\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Mat\u00e9riel<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
commande<\/th>\naction<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
lsusb<\/td>\nliste les p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques de type usb connect\u00e9s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
lspci<\/td>\nliste les p\u00e9riph\u00e9riques de type pci connect\u00e9s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cat \/proc\/cpuinfo<\/td>\naffiche les informations processeur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
cat \/proc\/partitions<\/td>\naffiche les partitions mont\u00e9es<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

exemples<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
commande<\/th>\naction<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
lspci | egrep \u00ab\u00a03D|Display|VGA\u00a0\u00bb<\/td>\nafficher le mod\u00e8le de sa carte graphique<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
lspci | grep -i \u00ab\u00a0net\u00a0\u00bb | cut -d: -f3<\/td>\nafficher le mod\u00e8le de sa carte Wi-fi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
lspci | grep -i audio | cut -d: -f3<\/td>\nafficher le mod\u00e8le de sa carte son<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

R\u00e9seau<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
commande<\/th>\naction<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
hostname<\/td>\naffiche le nom d’h\u00f4te de la machine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ping machine<\/td>\nenvoie un ping \u00e0 une machine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
traceroute machine<\/td>\nfait un traceroute vers machine<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
netstat<\/td>\naffiche l’usage du r\u00e9seau pas les processus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
netstat -a<\/td>\nnetstat avec l’affichage des processus serveurs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
lsof<\/td>\nliste d\u00e9taill\u00e9e de l’usage des fichiers et du r\u00e9seau<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ifconfig<\/td>\naffiche la configuration des interfaces r\u00e9seaux<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ifconfig interface IP masque<\/td>\nconfigure une interface r\u00e9seau<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
route<\/td>\naffiche la table de routage<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
commande<\/th>\naction<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
curl ifconfig.me<\/td>\nIP publique<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ip address show eth0 | grep \u00ab\u00a0inet \u00a0\u00bb | tr -s \u00a0\u00bb \u00a0\u00bb \u00ab\u00a0:\u00a0\u00bb | cut -d: -f3<\/td>\nIP locale pour eth0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\/sbin\/ifconfig eth0 | grep \u00ab\u00a0inet \u00a0\u00bb | tr -s \u00a0\u00bb \u00a0\u00bb \u00ab\u00a0:\u00a0\u00bb | cut -d: -f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ip address show eth0 | grep \u00ab\u00a0inet \u00a0\u00bb | tr -s \u00a0\u00bb \u00a0\u00bb \u00ab\u00a0:\u00a0\u00bb | tr -s \u00ab\u00a0\/\u00a0\u00bb \u00ab\u00a0:\u00a0\u00bb | cut -d: -f3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Recherche<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
commande\/option<\/th>\naction<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
locate motif<\/td>\nrecherche de fichiers dont le nom correspond au motif<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
updatedb<\/td>\nmettre \u00e0 jour la base de donn\u00e9es de locate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
find chemin options<\/td>\nrecherche les fichiers correspondant aux options dans chemin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
find -name motif<\/td>\nrecherche sur le nom du fichier. ex: find -name ‘*.html’<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
find -type f\/d\/l<\/td>\nrecherche par type o\u00f9 f=fichier, d=r\u00e9pertoire et l=lien<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
find -exec cmd<\/td>\nex\u00e9cute la commande cmd \u00e0 tous les fichiers trouv\u00e9s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Exemple: trouver toutes les images avec l’extension png dans le dossier ‘Images’ de l’utilisateur et les copier dans le dossier tmp (‘{}’ repr\u00e9sente les fichiers trouv\u00e9s):<\/p>\n

find $HOME\/Images -name \"*.png\" -exec cp {} $HOME\/tmp\/ \\;<\/code><\/pre>\n
Archives<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
format<\/th>\ncompression<\/th>\nextraction<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
.tar.bz2, .tbz2<\/td>\ntar -cvjf archive.tar.bz2 repertoire<\/td>\ntar xvjf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
.tar.gz, .tgz<\/td>\ntar -cvzf archive.tar.gz repertoire<\/td>\ntar xvzf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
.bz2<\/td>\nbzip2 fichiers<\/td>\nbunzip2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
.rar<\/td>\n–<\/td>\nunrar x<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
.gz<\/td>\ngzip fichiers<\/td>\ngunzip<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
.tar<\/td>\ntar -cvf archive.tar fichiers<\/td>\ntar xvf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
.zip<\/td>\nzip -r archive.zip fichiers<\/td>\nunzip<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
.Z<\/td>\ncompress fichiers<\/td>\nuncompress<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
.7z<\/td>\n7z a fichiers<\/td>\n7z x<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
.xz<\/td>\nxz -z repertoire<\/td>\nunxz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Kernel<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
commande<\/th>\ndescription<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
cat \/proc\/version<\/td>\nd\u00e9tails du noyau Linux utilis\u00e9.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
uname -r<\/td>\nversion du noyau utilis\u00e9.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
dpkg -l | egrep \u00ab\u00a0linux-(header|image)\u00a0\u00bb<\/td>\nliste les noyaux install\u00e9s sur votre machine.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
la commande ultime : man Naviguer dans les r\u00e9pertoires commande action pwd affiche le r\u00e9pertoire courant cd rep se place dans le r\u00e9pertoire rep cd se place dans le r\u00e9pertoire de l’utilisateur ~\/ cd .. se place dans le r\u00e9pertoire parent ls rep liste les fichiers du r\u00e9pertoire rep ls…  Continue reading → <\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[62,33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-544","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astuce","category-linux-mint"],"yoast_head":"\nMemo Linux - Hubert Informatique<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hubert-info.com\/cms\/memo-linux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Memo Linux - Hubert Informatique\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"la commande ultime : man Naviguer dans les r\u00e9pertoires commande action pwd affiche le r\u00e9pertoire courant cd rep se place dans le r\u00e9pertoire rep cd se place dans le r\u00e9pertoire de l’utilisateur ~\/ cd .. se place dans le r\u00e9pertoire parent ls rep liste les fichiers du r\u00e9pertoire rep ls... 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